某男，20 岁，左睾丸疼痛 3 天有余，自行居家热敷，外加服用止痛药物两天，效果还是得不到好转，后来去医院检查，确诊为睾丸扭转，最后不得不手术切除。

这 4 种不常见的情况也会引起疼痛

睾丸扭转、睾丸炎、附睾炎、睾丸附件扭转等疾病是临床上引起急性睾丸疼痛的最常见病因。

1. 睾丸癌

2. 精索静脉曲张

3. 睾丸损伤

4. 急性特发性阴囊水肿

广州市第一人民医院泌尿外科医师 卓扬佳 审核

：

1. Ghazarian, AA, Kelly, SP, Altekruse, SF, et al. Future of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States: Forecast through 2026. Cancer~Am Cancer Soc 2017; 123:2320.

2. 夏国建，周芳坚. 103 例睾丸肿瘤治疗体会及文献复习。中国医药指南 2011; 09:107.

3. 胡佳林，吕家驹，谈月清，et al. 睾丸肿瘤 86 例临床分析。山东大学学报 (医学版) 2019; 57:77.

4. Cheng, L, Albers, P, Berney, DM, et al. Testicular cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4:29.

5. 闵立贵，牛宏伟，马合苏提，et al. 精索静脉曲张 1620 例总结。现代泌尿外科杂志 2010; 15:57.

6. 赵斌，吴荣德，于启海，et al. 儿童精索静脉曲张患病情况的调查。中华小儿外科杂志 2005:23.

7. 丁吉阳。精索静脉曲张诊治的研究进展。国际泌尿系统杂志 2018; 38:501.

8. Kose, MG, Onem, K, Cetinkaya, M, et al. Influence of preoperative pain duration on microsurgical varicocelectomy outcomes. Adv Urol 2013; 2013:370969.

9. Bauer, NJ. Case report: Traumatic unilateral testicular rupture. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 25:89.

10. Halb, C, Eschard, C, Lefebvre, F, et al. Acute idiopathic scrotal oedema in young boys: A report of ten cases and a review of the literature. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010; 137:775.

11. Schröder, A. Acute Idiopathic Scrotal Oedema ~ Differential Diagnosis of the Acute Scrotum. Aktuel Urol 2017:54.

12. Santi, M, Lava, S, Simonetti, G, et al. Acute Idiopathic Scrotal Edema: Systematic Literature Review. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2018; 28:222.

13. Masarani, M, Cox, R. The aetiology, pathophysiology and management of chronic orchialgia. Bju Int 2003; 91:435.

园，